Witness in the Dust tells the story of Haiti during its years of crisis, blending vivid storytelling with historical detail, as it follows ordinary families and aid workers as they fight to survive storms, floods, political collapse, and disease. Where did the idea for this novel come from, and how did it develop over time?

As an African American woman and a staunch advocate for justice, I am deeply aware of the challenges faced by people striving for a better life. I have lived through and observed the civil rights movement in the U.S. My observation of the events reveals that the pendulum of justice has swung significantly over the years. Historically, some policies have been more accepting of differences than others. Recently, however, Haiti has been specifically excluded for numerous reasons. The approach to foreign policy regarding Haiti has been harsh and inflexible. The way Haiti is treated exemplifies blatant discrimination at its highest level. I felt I had a responsibility to speak out.

The novel is set during a time when Haitians experienced the wrath of nature and the collapse of political order. Although the Haitian people are resilient, many sought better opportunities, such as those promised by the ideals of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. They were turned away at the border, thereby removing the possibility of asylum. Immigration policy fluctuated between temporary protective status and deportation under several administrations. The situation came to a head, and under the Trump administration, the promises of democracy for a nation of immigrants became null and void.

Celine, the main character of Witness in the Dust, decides to defy the odds and legally enter the U.S. Over time, she becomes eligible for U.S. citizenship, satisfying nearly all the requirements. Through her community groups and her church, she receives support from and contributes to the well-being of other immigrant communities along her journey. By the end of the novel, however, she becomes sharply aware of several contradictions in how people are treated. At one point, she struggles with whether to apply for naturalization. She begins a critical examination of the principles on which the nation was founded. That’s when Celine takes a step back to evaluate the democracy she has considered pledging allegiance to.

What are some things that you find interesting about the human condition that you think make for great fiction?

I find that, although people are made in the spiritual image of God (Imago Dei), their human nature and actions lean toward greed, pride, lust, and other sins of the flesh.

What were some themes that were important for you to explore in this book?

The book explores themes of equality, justice, democracy, citizenship, and the unkept promises of sanctuary for people yearning to breathe free.

What is one thing that you hope readers take away from Witness in the Dust?

I want readers to open their eyes and witness, under harsh lighting, the injustices of a lopsided immigration policy. I encourage readers to examine critically the premise on which America was built. I want them to understand that sometimes in America, “we the people” does not give consideration to- the “least of these.”

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